everything: 2014

Tuesday, February 25, 2014

How to Use the Command Line to Kill a Program

Everyone knows how to kill a program using TASK MANAGER in WINDOWS or Force Quit in
OS X,but sometimes it's useful to kill a program using the command line.

How to Hide Files in JPEG Pictures

If you’re looking to hide files on your PC hard drive, you may have read about ways to encrypt folders or change the attributes on a file so that they cannot be accessed by snoppy eyes. However, a lot of times hiding files or folders in that way requires that you install some sort of software on your computer, which could then be spotted by someone else.

You can actually hide any type of file inside of an image file, including txt, exe, mp3, avi, or whatever else. Not only that, you can actually store many files inside of single JPG file, not just one! This can come in very handy if you need to hide files and don’t want to bother with encryption and all that other technical stuff.

C program to check leap year

C program to check leap year: c code to check leap year, year will be entered by the user.

C programming code

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
  int year;
 
  printf("Enter a year to check if it is a leap year\n");
  scanf("%d", &year);
 
  if ( year%400 == 0)
    printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year);
  else if ( year%100 == 0)
    printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year);
  else if ( year%4 == 0 )
    printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year);
  else
    printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year);  
 
  return 0;
}

Output of program:

Please read the leap year article at Wikipedia, it will help you to understand the program. This code is based on Gregorian Calendar.

C program to check whether input alphabet is a vowel or not

This code checks whether an input alphabet is a vowel or not. Both lower-case and upper-case are checked

C programming code

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
  char ch;
 
  printf("Enter a character\n");
  scanf("%c", &ch);
 
  if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'A' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'E' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'I' || ch =='o' || ch=='O' || ch == 'u' || ch == 'U')
    printf("%c is a vowel.\n", ch);
  else
    printf("%c is not a vowel.\n", ch);
 
  return 0;
}

Output of program:

Check vowel using switch statement

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
  char ch;
 
  printf("Input a character\n");
  scanf("%c", &ch);
 
  switch(ch)
  {
    case 'a':
    case 'A':
    case 'e':
    case 'E':
    case 'i':
    case 'I':
    case 'o':
    case 'O':
    case 'u':
    case 'U':
      printf("%c is a vowel.\n", ch);
      break;
    default:
      printf("%c is not a vowel.\n", ch);
  }              
 
  return 0;
}

Function to check vowel

int check_vowel(char a)
{
    if (a >= 'A' && a <= 'Z')
       a = a + 'a' - 'A';   /* Converting to lower case or use a = a + 32 */
 
    if (a == 'a' || a == 'e' || a == 'i' || a == 'o' || a == 'u')
       return 1;
 
    return 0;
}

This function can also be used to check if a character is a consonant or not, if it's not a vowel then it will be a consonant, but make sure that the character is an alphabet not a special character.

Add digits of number in c

C program to add digits of a number: Here we are using modulus operator(%) to extract individual digits of number and adding them.

C programming code

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
   int n, sum = 0, remainder;
 
   printf("Enter an integer\n");
   scanf("%d",&n);
 
   while(n != 0)
   {
      remainder = n % 10;
      sum = sum + remainder;
      n = n / 10;
   }
 
   printf("Sum of digits of entered number = %d\n",sum);
 
   return 0;
}

For example if the input is 98, sum(variable) is 0 initially
98%10 = 8 (% is modulus operator which gives us remainder when 98 is divided by 10).
sum = sum + remainder
so sum = 8 now.
98/10 = 9 because in c whenever we divide integer by another integer we get an integer.
9%10 = 9
sum = 8(previous value) + 9
sum = 17
9/10 = 0.
So finally n = 0, loop ends we get the required sum

Output of program:

Add digits using recursion

#include <stdio.h>
 
int add_digits(int);
 
int main() 
{
  int n, result;
 
  scanf("%d", &n);
 
  result = add_digits(n);
 
  printf("%d\n", result);
 
  return 0;
}
 
int add_digits(int n) {
  static int sum = 0;
 
  if (n == 0) {
    return 0;
  }
 
  sum = n%10 + add_digits(n/10);
 
  return sum;
}

Static variable sum is used and is initialized to 0, it' value will persists after function calls i.e. it is initialized only once when a first call to function is made.

C program to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

C program to perform basic arithmetic operations which are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two numbers. Numbers are assumed to be integers and will be entered by the user.

Captcha program in c

This program generates captcha, a captcha is a random code generated using some algorithm. We will use random function in our code. These are used in typing tutors and in website to check whether a human is operating on a website

C program to move a car

Program in c using graphics move a car. A car is made using two rectangles and two circles which act as tyres of car. A for loop is used to move the car forward by changing the rectangle and circle coordinates and erasing the previous contents on screen using clearviewport, you can also use cleardevice. Speed of car can be adjusted using delay function, more the delay lesser will be the speed or lesser the delay your car will move fast. In this program color of the car also keeps on changing, this is accomplished by incrementing the color value by one each time in for loop, you can also use random function for this purpose. Before you see a car moving you will be asked to press a key.

Decimal to binary conversion

C program to convert decimal to binary: c language code to convert an integer from decimal number system(base-10) to binary number system(base-2). Size of integer is assumed to be 32 bits. We use bitwise operators to perform the desired task. We right shift the original number by 31, 30, 29, ..., 1, 0 bits using a loop and bitwise AND the number obtained with 1(one), if the result is 1 then that bit is 1 otherwise it is 0(zero).

Volkswagen’s Car Towers at Autostadt in Wolfsburg, Germany

The Autostadt is a visitor attraction adjacent to the Volkswagen factory in Wolfsburg, Germany, with a prime focus on automobiles. It features a museum, feature pavilions for the principal automobile brands in the Volkswagen Group, a customer centre where customers can pick up new cars, and take a tour through the enormous factory, a guide to the evolution of roads, and cinema in a large sphere.

C program to check odd or even

C program to check odd or even: We will determine whether a number is odd or even by using different methods all are provided with a code in c language. As you have study in mathematics that in decimal number system even numbers are divisible by 2 while odd are not so we may use modulus operator(%) which returns remainder, For example 4%3 gives 1 ( remainder when four is divided by three). Even numbers are of the form 2*p and odd are of the form (2*p+1) where p is is an integer.

C program to add two numbers

C program to add two numbers: This c language program perform the basic arithmetic operation of addition on two numbers and then prints the sum on the screen. For example if the user entered two numbers as 5, 6 then 11 (5 + 6) will be printed on the screen.

C programming code

#include<stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
   int a, b, c;
 
   printf("Enter two numbers to add\n");
   scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
 
   c = a + b;
 
   printf("Sum of entered numbers = %d\n",c);
 
   return 0;
}

print integer

This c program first inputs an integer and then prints it. Input is done using scanf function and number is printed on screen using printf.

C programming code

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
  int a;
 
  printf("Enter an integer\n");
  scanf("%d", &a);
 
  printf("Integer that you have entered is %d\n", a);
 
  return 0;
}

Coding

What is the output of this C code?

```
   #include <stdio.h>
```
```
   main()
```
```
   {
```
```
       if (sizeof(int) > -1)
```
```
           printf("True");
```
```
       else
```
```
           printf("False");
```
```
   
```

a) True
b) False

IBM has publicly released its open source general purpose FusedOS operating system on Thursday – just days after it released its new cloud operating system.

Email Miles is new system that aims to showcase how many physical miles has an email travelled before it reaches its destination.

Telecom Minister Kapil Sibal on Monday said low-cost tablet PC Aakash 4 will be available in the market in around one and a half months for Rs 3,999.

It seems that the troubled Canadian smartphone manufacturer wants to regain its market share through the sale of low-end BB10 smartphones, at least if an alleged render leak of the rumoured BlackBerry Jakarta is to be believed.

When to use logarthimic function in Time Complexity

Different algorthims have the different time complexities its based on their code,in time complexities we often use the log functions,but so many dont know when to use the log functions in the time complexity.Let me give a clear idea about the using of the log functions in the Time complexities.

we use the log functions when the function is multiplied by a factor or divisible by factor or adding or subtraction but not in linear form.I see it is very difficult to explain lets take a example each thing i say above

example1:

for(int i=0;i<10;i++)

{

for(int j=0;j<10;j++)

{

}

the above two for loops are the linear functions , so the time complexity of the above lines of code is the O(n^2)

Example2:

in this example we usage of the log functions in the code

for(int i=0;i<10;i++)

{

for(int j=0;j<10;j=j*2)

{

}

in the first for loop, the function is in the form of linear so its complexity is O(n),but the second for loop is not in linear form ,the j gets multiplied by 2 every time,in this case we use the log functions ,the total time complexity of above code is O(n log n)

Example3:

in this example we usage of the log functions in the code

for(int i=0;i<10;i++)

{

for(int j=0;j<10;j=j/2)

{

}

in the first for loop, the function is in the form of linear so its complexity is O(n),but the second for loop is not in linear form ,the j gets divided by 2 every time,in this case we use the log functions ,the total time complexity of above code is O(n log n)

Example4:

in this example we usage of the log functions in the code

for(int i=0;i<10;i++)

{

for(int j=0;j<10;j=j+2)

{

}

in the first for loop, the function is in the form of linear so its complexity is O(n),but the second for loop is not in linear form ,the j gets added by 2 every time,in this case we use the log functions ,the total time complexity of above code is O(n log n)

Example5:

in this example we usage of the log functions in the code

for(int i=0;i<10;i++)

{

for(int j=0;j<10;j=j-2)

{

}

in the first for loop, the function is in the form of linear so its complexity is O(n),but the second for loop is not in linear form ,the j gets subtractd by 2 every time,in this case we use the log functions ,the total time complexity of above code is O(n log n)

These are possibilities in getting log functions in their Time complexity .Lets take a real algorithm as a example,Merge sort algorithm has log functions in their log functions,in the algorithm it has to divide the arrays into two arrays every time to solve ,so array is getting divided by 2 every time .so its contains the log functions.The time complexity of the Merge Sort is the O(n log n)

Programming Languages

A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms.Every programming language has its own syntax.
There are so many programming languages in the present days.they are

A# .NET
A# (Axiom)
A-0 System
A+
A++
ABAP
ABC
ABC ALGOL
ABLE
ABSET
ABSYS
ACC
Accent
Ace DASL
ACL2
ACT-III
Action!
ActionScript
Ada
Adenine
Agda
Agilent VEE
Agora
AIMMS
Alef
ALF
ALGOL 58
ALGOL 60
ALGOL 68
Alice
Alma-0
AmbientTalk
Amiga E
AMOS
AMPL
APL
AppleScript
Arc
ARexx
Argus
AspectJ
Assembly language
ATS
Ateji PX
AutoHotkey
Autocoder
AutoIt
AutoLISP / Visual LISP
Averest
AWK
Axum

B
Babbage
BAIL
Bash
BASIC
bc
BCPL
BeanShell
Batch (Windows/Dos)
Bertrand
BETA
Bigwig
Bistro
BitC
BLISS
Blue
Bon
Boo
Boomerang
Bourne shell (including bash and ksh)
BREW
BPEL
BuildProfessional

C
C--
C++ - ISO/IEC 14882
C# - ISO/IEC 23270
C/AL
Caché ObjectScript
C Shell
Caml
Candle
Cayenne
CDuce
Cecil
Cel
Cesil
Ceylon
CFML
Cg
Ch
Chapel
CHAIN
Charity
Charm
Chef
CHILL
CHIP-8
chomski
ChucK
CICS
Cilk
CL (IBM)
Claire
Clarion
Clean
Clipper
CLIST
Clojure
CLU
CMS-2
COBOL - ISO/IEC 1989
Cobra
CODE
CoffeeScript
Cola
ColdC
ColdFusion
Cool
COMAL
Combined Programming Language (CPL)
Common Intermediate Language (CIL)
Common Lisp (also known as CL)
COMPASS
Component Pascal
COMIT
Constraint Handling Rules (CHR)
Converge
Coral 66
Corn
CorVision
Coq
COWSEL
CPL
csh
CSP
Csound
Curl
Curry
Cyclone
Cython

D
DASL (Datapoint's Advanced Systems Language)
DASL (Distributed Application Specification Language)
Dart
DataFlex
Datalog
DATATRIEVE
dBase
dc
DCL
Deesel (formerly G)
Delphi
DCL
DinkC
DIBOL
Dog
Draco
Dylan
DYNAMO

E
E#
Ease
Easy PL/I
EASYTRIEVE PLUS
ECMAScript
Edinburgh IMP
EGL
Eiffel
ELAN
Elixir
Elm
Emacs Lisp
Emerald
Epigram
Erlang
es
Escapade
Escher
ESPOL
Esterel
Etoys
Euclid
Euler
Euphoria
EusLisp Robot Programming Language
CMS EXEC
EXEC 2
Executable UML

F
F#
Factor
Falcon
Fancy
Fantom
FAUST
Felix
Ferite
FFP
Fjölnir
FL
Flavors
Flex
FLOW-MATIC
FOCAL
FOCUS
FOIL
FORMAC
@Formula
Forth
Fortran - ISO/IEC 1539
Fortress
FoxBase
FoxPro
FP
FPr
Franz Lisp
F-Script
FSProg

G
Game Maker Language
GameMonkey Script
GAMS
GAP
G-code
Genie
GDL
Gibiane
GJ
GEORGE
GLSL
GNU E
GM
Go
Go!
GOAL
Gödel
Godiva
GOM (Good Old Mad)
Goo
Gosu
GOTRAN
GPSS
GraphTalk
GRASS
Groovy

HAL/S
Hamilton C shell
Harbour
Hartmann pipelines
Haskell
Haxe
High Level Assembly
HLSL
Hop
Hope
Hugo
Hume
HyperTalk

IBM Basic assembly language
IBM HAScript
IBM Informix-4GL
IBM RPG
ICI
Icon
Id
IDL
Idris
IMP
Inform
Io
Ioke
IPL
IPTSCRAE
ISLISP
ISPF
ISWIM

J
J#
J++
JADE
Jako
JAL
Janus
JASS
Java
JavaScript
JCL
JEAN
Join Java
JOSS
Joule
JOVIAL
Joy
JScript
JScript .NET
JavaFX Script
Julia

K
Kaleidoscope
Karel
Karel++
KEE
KIF
Kojo
Kotlin
KRC
KRL
KRL (KUKA Robot Language)
KRYPTON
ksh

L
L# .NET
LabVIEW
Ladder
Lagoona
LANSA
Lasso
LaTeX
Lava
LC-3
Leadwerks Script
Leda
Legoscript
LIL
LilyPond
Limbo
Limnor
LINC
Lingo
Linoleum
LIS
LISA
Lisaac
Lisp - ISO/IEC 13816
Lite-C
Lithe
Little b
Logo
Logtalk
LPC
LSE
LSL
LiveCode
Lua
Lucid
Lustre
LYaPAS
Lynx

M
M2001
M4
Machine code
MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder)
MAD/I
Magik
Magma
make
Maple
MAPPER (Unisys/Sperry) now part of BIS
MARK-IV (Sterling/Informatics) now VISION:BUILDER of CA
Mary
MASM Microsoft Assembly x86
Mathematica
MATLAB
Maxima (see also Macsyma)
Max (Max Msp - Graphical Programming Environment)
MaxScript internal language 3D Studio Max
Maya (MEL)
MDL
Mercury
Mesa
Metacard
Metafont
MetaL
Microcode
MicroScript
MIIS
MillScript
MIMIC
Mirah
Miranda
MIVA Script
ML
Moby
Model 204
Modelica
Modula
Modula-2
Modula-3
Mohol
MOO
Mortran
Mouse
MPD
MSIL - deprecated name for CIL
MSL
MUMPS

NASM
NATURAL
Napier88
Neko
Nemerle
nesC
NESL
Net.Data
NetLogo
NetRexx
NewLISP
NEWP
Newspeak
NewtonScript
NGL
Nial
Nice
Nickle
NPL
Not eXactly C (NXC)
Not Quite C (NQC)
NSIS
Nu
NWScript

o:XML
Oak
Oberon
Obix
OBJ2
Object Lisp
ObjectLOGO
Object REXX
Object Pascal
Objective-C
Objective-J
Obliq
Obol
OCaml
occam
occam-π
Octave
OmniMark
Onyx
Opa
Opal
OpenEdge ABL
OPL
OPS5
OptimJ
Orc
ORCA/Modula-2
Oriel
Orwell
Oxygene
Oz

P#
PARI/GP
Pascal - ISO 7185
Pawn
PCASTL
PCF
PEARL
PeopleCode
Perl
PDL
PHP
Phrogram
Pico
Pict
Pike
PIKT
PILOT
Pipelines
Pizza
PL-11
PL/0
PL/B
PL/C
PL/I - ISO 6160
PL/M
PL/P
PL/SQL
PL360
PLANC
Plankalkül
PLEX
PLEXIL
Plus
POP-11
PostScript
PortablE
Powerhouse
PowerBuilder - 4GL GUI appl. generator from Sybase
PowerShell
PPL
Processing
Processing.js
Prograph
PROIV
Prolog
Visual Prolog
Promela
PROSE modeling language
PROTEL
ProvideX
Pro*C
Pure
Python

Q (equational programming language)
Q (programming language from Kx Systems)
Qalb
Qi
QtScript
QuakeC
QPL

R
R++
Racket
RAPID
Rapira
Ratfiv
Ratfor
rc
REBOL
Red
Redcode
REFAL
Reia
Revolution
rex
REXX
Rlab
ROOP
RPG
RPL
RSL
RTL/2
Ruby
Rust

S
S2
S3
S-Lang
S-PLUS
SA-C
SabreTalk
SAIL
SALSA
SAM76
SAS
SASL
Sather
Sawzall
SBL
Scala
Scheme
Scilab
Scratch
Script.NET
Sed
Seed7
Self
SenseTalk
SequenceL
SETL
Shift Script
SIMPOL
SIMSCRIPT
Simula
Simulink
SISAL
SLIP
SMALL
Smalltalk
Small Basic
SML
SNOBOL(SPITBOL)
Snowball
SOL
Span
SPARK
SPIN
SP/k
SPS
Squeak
Squirrel
SR
S/SL
Starlogo
Strand
Stata
Stateflow
Subtext
SuperCollider
SuperTalk
SYMPL
SyncCharts
SystemVerilog

T
TACL
TACPOL
TADS
TAL
Tcl
Tea
TECO
TELCOMP
TeX
TEX
TIE
Timber
TMG, compiler-compiler
Tom
TOM
Topspeed
TPU
Trac
TTM
T-SQL
TTCN
Turing
TUTOR
TXL
TypeScript
Turbo C++

Ubercode
UCSD Pascal
Umple
Unicon
Uniface
UNITY
Unix shell
UnrealScript

Vala
VBA
VBScript
Verilog
VHDL
Visual Basic
Visual Basic .NET
Microsoft Visual C++
Visual C#
Visual DataFlex
Visual DialogScript
Visual Fortran
Visual FoxPro
Visual J++
Visual J#
Visual Objects
VSXu
Vvvv

WATFIV, WATFOR
WebDNA
WebQL
Windows PowerShell
Winbatch

X++
X#
X10
XBL
XC (exploits XMOS architecture)
xHarbour
XL
XOTcl
XPL
XPL0
XQuery
XSB
XSLT - See XPath

Yorick
YQL

Z notation
Zeno
ZOPL
ZPL

program to find minimum number of strokes to type a word using old mobile keypads,

in this program,the first line input contains the number of letters in the word and the second line contains the frequencies of each letter,the third line contains number of buttons present in the mobile keypad and fourth line contains number of letters can be put in the each button

program:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a,d=0,y=0,k=0,sum=0,s=0;
int a1[50],q[50];
int a2;
int a21[50];
int t,i,j;
int g=-1;
scanf("%d",&a);
if(a<1||a>50)
{
goto b;
}
for(i=0;i<a;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a1[i]);
if(a1[i]<1||a1[i]>1000)
{
goto b;
}
}
for(i=0;i<a;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<a;j++)
{
if(a1[i]<a1[j])
{
t=a1[i];
a1[i]=a1[j];
a1[j]=t;
}
}

}
scanf("%d",&a2);
if(a2<1||a2>50)
{
goto b;
}
for(i=0;i<a2;i++)
{

scanf("%d",&a21[i]);
if(a21[i]<1||a21[i]>50)
{
goto b;
}
}
for(i=0;i<a2;i++)
{

s=s+a21[i];
}
if(s<a)
{
goto b;
}
for(i=0;i<a2;i++)
{
y=i;
for(j=0;j<a21[i];j++)
{
q[d]=a1[y];
d=d+1;
y=y+a21[i];
}

}
for(i=0;i<a2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<a21[i];j++)
{
sum=sum+(q[k]*(j+1));
a=a-1;
k=k+1;
}
}
b:if(a==0)
{
printf("%d",sum);
}
else
{
printf("%d",g);
}

return 0;
}

output:

7 3 4 1

2 2

the minimum number of strokes is 19

screen shot:

the max number of letters we can take input is 50,if that number is greater than 50 or less than 1,the program will print -1 as output,after the frequencies take as input we sorted them and placed in different arrays based on the number of buttons and how many fitted in them.the output is -1 when the numbers of letters more than the number of words that can fit in the buttons

Monday, February 17, 2014

program to find minimum number in subarrays for the given arrays

in this program, the first input line contains the number of elements in the array,and the second line contains the elements of the array and third line contains number of the sub-arrays ,based on the number of the sub-arrays we are gonna give starting and ending position of the sub-array so that we find the minimum number in that sub-array.The program is
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[100];
int b[100];
int mini[100];
int i,c,d,j,min;
long n,m;
int k=0;
scanf("%ld",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
scanf("%ld",&m);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&c);
scanf("%d",&d);
min=a[c-1];
for(j=c;j<=d-1;j++)
{
if(min>a[j])
{
min=a[j];
}

}
mini[k]=min;
k=k+1;
}
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
printf("%d\n",mini[i]);
}
return 0;
}

output:

4 3 8 5 7

1 3

3 5

the output is the

the screenshot of output is the

program to print something without a semicolon

I am gonna write a program to print some thing without using any semicolon it is very easy to write such a program like this. I am gonna write a program in the c language

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
if(printf("whatever you want to write ,write here"))
{
}
}
this is the program to print without a semicolon. this program works in this way

if is a just a condition checker to weather the given condition is right or wrong,so in this program its gonna check weather statement is printed or not ,when the time it gonna check , the statement which we are giving is getting printed, actually its gonna printed and if condition satisfied ,the program terminates , if does not satisfy the program also terminates.

may be we cant see the printing statement because its very fast make us unable to see

how a computer works when power is on

Switch-on

As you see this heading is some kind of weird thing ,so many dont know how a operating gets started when laptop or computer is switch on.There are so many things in our computer like hard-disk,Ram,Rom,I/O devices.when a computer is switched on these things have to get the power at the same time,this can be possible by using of the SMPS.

SMPS is abbreivated as Switch Mode Power Supply.This SMPS is connected to all the Hard-Disk,RAM,ROM and I/O devices .The ROM is a non-volatile memory which has the starting address of the operating system.As is ROM is a non-volatile memory its does not loose its memory when the power is switched off.So ROM is used to store the starting address of the operating system.Actually ROM is connected to the BIOS.BIOS is Basic Input-Output System,it is first software run by the laptop / computer when it is powered on.The starting address of the operating system passed to the RAM.Based on that address it gets the operating system from the hard disk and loaded into the RAM,when the operating system is loaded we can see the screen on our laptop or computer.As long as the power is on the data in the RAM is safe. when the power is off the data in the RAM is erased because it is volatile.so it is not safe to store the starting address of the operating system.This is how a laptop works when the power is switched on

operating systems

OPERATING SYSTEMS

operating systems is defined as the interface between the user and hardware or the application and the hardware.To define operating system is a very easy thing but to design and build it is a very difficult task

There are different operating systems at present. They are

Acorn Computers

ARX
Arthur
MOS
RISC OS
RISC iX
PELADANG OS

Amiga Inc.

AmigaOS
- AmigaOS 1.0-3.9 (Motorola 68000)
- AmigaOS 4 (PowerPC)
Amiga Unix (aka Amix)

Apple Inc.

Apple II family
- Apple DOS
- Apple Pascal
- ProDOS
- GS/OS
Apple III
- Apple SOS
Apple Lisa
- Lisa Workshop^[1]
- Lisa Operating System^[2]
Apple Macintosh
- Mac OS
- A/UX (UNIX System V with BSD extensions)
- Rhapsody
- NeXTSTEP
- OS X (formerly Mac OS X)
- OS X Server (formerly Mac OS X Server)
- OS X Mavericks
Apple Network Server
- IBM AIX (Apple-customized)
Apple Newton
- Newton OS
iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad
- iOS
Embedded operating systems
- A/ROSE
- Unnamed embedded OS for iPod
- Unnamed NetBSD variant for Airport Extreme and Time Capsule

Apollo Computer

Domain/OS : One of the first network-based systems. Run on Apollo/Domain hardware. Later bought by Hewlett-Packard.

Atari

Atari DOS (for 8-bit computers)
Atari TOS
Atari MultiTOS

BAE Systems

XTS-400

Be Inc.

BeOS
- BeIA
- BeOS r5.1d0
  - magnussoft ZETA (based on BeOS r5.1d0 source code, developed by yellowTAB)

Bell Labs

Unics ("Ken's new system," for its creator (Ken Thompson), officially Unics and then Unix, the prototypic operating system created in Bell Labs in 1969 that formed the basis for the Unix familyof operating systems)
- UNIX Time-Sharing System v1
- UNIX Time-Sharing System v2
- UNIX Time-Sharing System v3
- UNIX Time-Sharing System v4
- UNIX Time-Sharing System v5
- UNIX Time-Sharing System v6
  - MINI-UNIX
  - PWB/UNIX
    - USG
      - CB Unix
- UNIX Time-Sharing System v7 (It is from Version 7 Unix (and, to an extent, its descendants listed below) that almost all Unix-based and Unix-like operating systems descend.)
  - Unix System III
  - Unix System IV
  - Unix System V
    - Unix System V Releases 2.0, 3.0, 3.2, 4.0, and 4.2
- UNIX Time-Sharing System v8
- UNIX TIme-Sharing System v9
- UNIX Time-Sharing System v10

Non-Unix Operating Systems:

BESYS
Plan 9 from Bell Labs

Bull SAS

GCOS

Burroughs Corporation

Burroughs MCP

Control Data Corporation

Chippewa Operating System (COS)
- SIPROS (for Simultaneous Processing Operating System)
- SCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution)
- MACE (Mansfield and Cahlander Executive)
  - Kronos (Kronographic OS)
    - NOS (Network Operating System)
      - NOS/BE NOS Batch Environment
EP/IX (Enhanced Performance Unix)

Convergent Technologies

Convergent Technologies Operating System (later acquired by Unisys)

Data General

RDOS Real-time Disk Operating System, with variants: RTOS and DOS (not related to PC DOS, MS-DOS etc.)
AOS for 16-bit Data General Eclipse computers and AOS/VS for 32-bit (MV series) Eclipses, MP/AOS for microNOVA-based computers
DG/UX

DataPoint

CTOS Z-80 based, Cassette Tape Operating System for early desktop systems. Capable of up to 8 simultaneous users. Replaced by DataPoint DOS.
DOS Intel 808x/80x86-based, Disk Operating Systems for desktop systems. Capable of up to 32 users per node. Supported a sophisticated network of nodes that were often purpose-built. The name DOS was used in these products login screens before it was popularized by IBM, Microsoft and others.

DDC-I, Inc.

Deos Time & Space Partitioned RTOS, Certified to DO-178B, Level A since 1998
HeartOS Posix-based Hard Real-Time Operating System

Digital Research, Inc.

CP/M CP/M for Intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80
- Personal CP/M, a refinement of CP/M 2.2 with BDOS 2.8
- CP/M Plus with BDOS 3.0
CP/M-68K CP/M for Motorola 68000
CP/M-8000 CP/M for Zilog Z8000
CP/M-86 CP/M for Intel 8088/8086
- CP/M-86 Plus
- Personal CP/M-86
MP/M Multi-user version of CP/M-80
- MP/M II
MP/M-86 Multi-user version of CP/M-86
- MP/M 8-16, a dual-processor variant of MP/M for 8086 and 8080 CPUs.
Concurrent CP/M, the successor of CP/M-80 and MP/M-80
Concurrent CP/M-86, the successor of CP/M-86 and MP/M-86
- Concurrent CP/M 8-16, a dual-processor variant of Concurrent CP/M for 8086 and 8080 CPUs.
Concurrent CP/M-68K, a variant for the 68000
Concurrent DOS, the successor of Concurrent CP/M-86 with PC-MODE
- Concurrent PC DOS, a Concurrent DOS variant for IBM compatible PCs
- Concurrent DOS 8-16, a dual-processor variant of Concurrent DOS for 8086 and 8080 CPUs.
- Concurrent DOS 286
- Concurrent DOS XM, a real-mode variant of Concurrent DOS with EEMS support
- Concurrent DOS 386
  - Concurrent DOS 386/MGE, a Concurrent DOS 386 variant with advanced graphics terminal capabilities
Concurrent DOS 68K, a port of Concurrent DOS to Motorola 68000 CPUs with DOS source code portability capabilities
FlexOS 1.0 - 2.34, a derivative of Concurrent DOS 286
- FlexOS 186, a variant of FlexOS for terminals
- FlexOS 286, a variant of FlexOS for hosts
  - Siemens S5-DOS/MT, an industrial control system based on FlexOS
  - IBM 4680 OS, a POS operating system based on FlexOS
  - IBM 4690 OS, a POS operating system based on FlexOS
- FlexOS 386, a later variant of FlexOS for hosts
  - IBM 4690 OS, a POS operating system based on FlexOS
- FlexOS 68K, a derivative of Concurrent DOS 68K
Multiuser DOS, the successor of Concurrent DOS 386
- CCI Multiuser DOS
- Datapac Multiuser DOS
  - Datapac System Manager, a derivative of Datapac Multiuser DOS
- IMS Multiuser DOS
  - IMS REAL/32, a derivative of Multiuser DOS
    - IMS REAL/NG, the successor of REAL/32
DOS Plus 1.2 - 2.1, a single-user, multi-tasking system derived from Concurrent DOS 4.1 - 5.0
DR DOS 3.31 - 6.0, a single-user, single-tasking native DOS derived from Concurrent DOS 6.0
- Novell PalmDOS 1.0
- Novell "Star Trek"
- Novell DOS 7, a single-user, multi-tasking system derived from DR DOS
- Caldera OpenDOS 7.01
- Caldera DR-DOS 7.02 and higher

Digital/Tandem Computers/Compaq/HP

OS/8
Multi-Programming Executive (from HP)
TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10)
WAITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)
TENEX (from BBN, for the PDP-10)
TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10)
RSTS/E (multi-user time-sharing OS for PDP-11s)
RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)
RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)
VMS (originally by DEC, now by HP) for the VAX mini-computer range, Alpha and Intel Itanium 2; later renamed OpenVMS)
Domain/OS (originally Aegis, from Apollo Computer who were bought by HP)
Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, became HP's Tru64 UNIX)
HP-UX
Ultrix
NonStop

ENEA AB

OSE Flexible, small footprint, high-performance RTOS for control processors

Fujitsu

Towns OS

Google

Android 4.0.1 on the Galaxy Nexus

Google Chrome OS is designed to work exclusively with web applications. Announced on July 7, 2009, Chrome OS is currently publicly available and was released summer 2011. The Chrome OS source code was released on November 19, 2009 under the BSD license as Chromium OS.
- Chromium OS is an open source operating system development version of Google Chrome OS. Both operating systems are based on the Linux kernel.
Android is an operating system for mobile devices. Android is based on Linux core.
es is a computer operating system developed originally by Nintendo and since 2008 by Google. It is open source and runs natively on x86 platforms.

Green Hills Software

INTEGRITY Reliable Operating system
INTEGRITY-178B A DO-178B certified version of INTEGRITY.
µ-velOSity A lightweight microkernel.

Heathkit/Zenith Data Systems

HDOS; ran on the H8 and Heath/Zenith Z-89 series
HT-11 (a modified version of RT-11) ran on the Heathkit H11

Hewlett-Packard

HP Multi-Programming Executive; (MPE, MPE/XL, and MPE/iX) runs on HP 3000 and HP e3000 mini-computers.
HP-UX; runs on HP9000 and Itanium servers - from small to mainframe-class computers.

Honeywell

Multics
GCOS

Intel Corporation

iRMX; real-time operating system originally created to support the Intel 8080 and 8086 processor families in embedded applications.
ISIS-II; "Intel Systems Implementation Supervisor" was THE environment for development of software within the Intel microprocessor family in the early 1980s on their Intellec Microcomputer Development System and clones. ISIS-II worked with 8 inch floppy disks and had an editor, cross-assemblers, a linker, an object locator, debugger, compilers for PLM (PL/I for microprocessors of the 8080/86 family), a BASIC interpreter, etc. and allowed file management through a console.

IBM

On early IBM mainframes (1400, 1800, 701, 704, 709, 7090, and 7094)

BESYS (for the IBM 7090)
CTSS (The Compatible Time-Sharing System, developed at MIT's Computation Center for use on a modified IBM 7094)
GM OS & GM-NAA I/O (for the IBM 704)
IBSYS (tape based operating system for IBM 7090 and IBM 7094)
IJMON (A bootable serial I/O monitor for loading programs for IBM 1400 and IBM 1800)
SOS (SHARE Operating System, for the IBM 704 and 709)
UMES (University of Michigan Executive System, for the IBM 704, 709, and 7090)

On IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes[edit]

OS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
- OS/360 (first official OS targeted for the System/360 architecture),
  Saw customer installations of the following variations:
  - PCP (Primary Control Program, a kernel and a ground breaking automatic space allocating file system)
  - MFT (original Multi-programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, replaced by MFT II)
  - MFT II (Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, had up to 15 fixed size application partitions, plus partitions for system tasks, initially defined at boot time but redefinable by operator command)
  - MVT (Multi-Programming Variable Tasks, had up to 15 application regions defined dynamically, plus additional regions for system tasks)
- OS/VS (port of OS/360 targeted for the System/370 virtual memory architecture, "OS/370" is not correct name for OS/VS1 and OS/VS2, but rather refers to OS/VS2 MVS and MVS/SP Version 1),
  Customer installations in the following variations:
  - SVS (Single Virtual Storage, both VS1 & VS2 began as SVS systems)
  - OS/VS1 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, Virtual-memory version of MFT II)
  - OS/VS2 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 2, Virtual-memory version of OS/MVT but without multiprocessing support)
    - OS/VS2 R2 (called Multiple Virtual Storage, MVS, eliminated most need for VS1)
- MVS/SE (MVS System Extensions)
- MVS/SP (MVS System Product)
- MVS/XA (MVS/SP V2. MVS supported eXtended Architecture, 31-bit addressing)
- MVS/ESA (MVS supported Enterprise System Architecture, horizontal addressing extensions: data only address spaces called Dataspaces; a Unix environment was available starting with MVS/ESA V4R3)
- OS/390 (Upgrade from MVS, with an additional Unix environment)
- z/OS (OS/390 supported z/Architecture, 64-bit addressing)
DOS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
- BOS/360 (early interim version of DOS/360, briefly available at a few Alpha & Beta System/360 sites)
- TOS/360 (similar to BOS above and more fleeting, able to boot and run from 2x00 series tape drives)
- DOS/360 (Disk Operating System (DOS), multi-programming system with up to 3 partitions, first commonly available OS for System/360)
  - DOS/360/RJE (DOS/360 with a control program extension that provided for the monitoring of remote job entry hardware (card reader & printer) connected by dedicated phone lines)
- DOS/VS (First DOS offered on System/370 systems, provided virtual storage)
- DOS/VSE (also known as VSE, upgrade of DOS/VS, up to 14 fixed size processing partitions )
- VSE/SP (program product replacing DOS/VSE and VSE/AF)
- VSE/ESA (DOS/VSE extended virtual memory support to 32-bit addresses (Extended System Architecture)).
- z/VSE (latest version of the four decades old DOS lineage, supports 64-bit addresses, multiprocessing, multiprogramming, SNA, TCP/IP, and some virtual machine features in support of Linux workloads)
CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System) and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
- CP-40/CMS (for System/360 Model 40)
- CP-67/CMS (for System/360 Model 67)
- VM/370 (Virtual Machine / Conversational Monitor System, virtual memory operating system for System/370)
- VM/XA (VM/eXtended Architecture for System/370 with extended virtual memory)
- VM/ESA (Virtual Machine / Extended System Architecture, added 31-bit addressing to VM series)
- z/VM (z/Architecture version of the VM OS with 64-bit addressing)

Further information: History of CP/CMS

TPF Line (Transaction Processing Facility) on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes (largely used by airlines)
- ACP (Airline Control Program)
- TPF (Transaction Processing Facility)
- z/TPF (z/Architecture extension)
Unix-like on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
- AIX/370 (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
- AIX/ESA (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
- OpenSolaris for IBM System z
- UTS (developed by Amdahl)
- z/Linux
Others on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes:
- BOS/360 (Basic Operating System)
- MTS (Michigan Terminal System, developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for the IBM System/360 Model 67, System/370 series, and compatible mainframes)
- RTOS/360 (IBM's Real Time Operating System, ran on 5 NASA custom System/360-75s)
- TOS/360 (Tape Operating System)
- TSS/360 (IBM's Time Sharing System)
- MUSIC/SP (developed by McGill University for IBM System/370)
- ORVYL and WYLBUR (developed by Stanford University for IBM System/360)

On IBM PC and Intel x86 based architectures[edit]

PC DOS / IBM DOS
- PC DOS 1.x, 2.x, 3.x (developed jointly with Microsoft)
- IBM DOS 4.x, 5.0 (developed jointly with Microsoft)
- PC DOS 6.1, 6.3, 7, 2000, 7.10

OS/2
- OS/2 1.x (developed jointly with Microsoft)
- OS/2 2.x
- OS/2 Warp 3
- OS/2 Warp 4
- eComStation (Warp 4.5/Workspace on Demand, rebundled by Serenity Systems International)
4680 OS version 1 to 4, a POS operating system based on Digital Research's Concurrent DOS 286 and FlexOS 286 1.xx
- 4690 OS version 1 to 6.2, a successor to 4680 OS based on Novell's FlexOS 286/FlexOS 386 2.3x

On other IBM hardware platforms

IBM Series/1
- EDX (Event Driven Executive)
- RPS (Realtime Programming System)
- CPS (Control Programming Support, subset of RPS)
- SerIX (Unix on Series/1)
IBM 1130
- DMS (Disk Monitor System)
IBM 1800
- TSX (Time Sharing eXecutive)
- MPX (Multi Programming eXecutive)
IBM 8100
- DPCX (Distributed Processing Control eXecutive)
- DPPX (Distributed Processing Programming Executive)
IBM System/3
- DMS (Disk Management System)
IBM System/34, IBM System/36
- SSP (System Support Program)
IBM System/38
- CPF (Control Program Facility)
IBM System/88
- Stratus VOS (developed by Stratus, and used for IBM System/88, Original equipment manufacturer from Stratus)
AS/400, iSeries, System i, Power Systems i Edition
- OS/400 (descendant of System/38 CPF, include System/36 SSP environment)
- i5/OS (extends OS/400 with significant interoperability features)
- IBM i (extends i5/OS)
UNIX on IBM POWER
- AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
- AOS (a BSD Unix version, not related to Data General AOS)
Others
- IBM Workplace OS (Microkernel based operating system, developed and canceled in 1990s)
- K42 (open-source research operating system on PowerPC or x86 based cache-coherent multiprocessor systems)
- Dynix (developed by Sequent, and used for IBM NUMA-Q too)

International Computers Limited

J and MultiJob for the System 4 series mainframes
GEORGE 2/3/4 GEneral ORGanisational Environment, used by ICL 1900 series mainframes
Executive, used on the 290x range of minicomputers
TME, used on the ME29 minicomputer
ICL VME, including early variants VME/B and VME/2900, appearing on the ICL 2900 Series and Series 39 mainframes, implemented in S3
VME/K on early smaller 2900s

LynuxWorks (originally Lynx Real-time Systems)

LynxOS

Micrium Inc.

MicroC/OS-II (Small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel)
MicroC/OS-III (Small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel, with unlimited number of tasks and priorities, and round robin scheduling)

Microsoft Corporation

Xenix (licensed version of Unix; licensed to SCO in 1987)
MSX-DOS (developed by MS Japan for the MSX 8-bit computer)
MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22)
Windows (16-bit and 32-bit preemptive and cooperative multitasking)
- Windows 1.0 (Windows 1)
- Windows 2.0 (Windows 2 - separate version for i386 processor)
- Windows 3.0 (Windows 3)
- Windows 3.1x (Windows 3.1)
- Windows for Workgroups 3.1 (Codename Snowball)
- Windows 3.2 (Chinese-only release)
- Windows for Workgroups 3.11
- Windows 95 (Codename Chicago - Windows 4.0)
- Windows 98 (Codename Memphis - Windows 4.1)
- Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me - Windows 4.9)
Windows NT (Full 32-bit or 64-bit kernel, not dependent on MS-DOS)
- Windows NT 3.1
- Windows NT 3.5
- Windows NT 3.51
- Windows NT 4.0
- Windows 2000 (Windows NT 5.0)
- Windows XP (Windows NT 5.1)
- Windows Server 2003 (Windows NT 5.2)
- Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (based on Windows XP)
- Windows Vista (Windows NT 6.0)
- Windows Azure (Cloud OS Platform) 2009
- Windows Home Server (based on Windows Server 2003)
- Windows Server 2008 (based on Windows Vista)
- Windows 7 (Windows NT 6.1)
- Windows Server 2008 R2 (based on Windows 7)
- Windows Home Server 2011 (based on Windows Server 2008 R2)
- Windows Server 2012 (based on Windows 8)
- Windows 8 (Windows NT 6.2)
- Windows Phone 8
- Windows 8.1 (based on Windows 8)
- Windows Server 2012 R2 (based on Windows 8.1)
Windows CE (OS for handhelds, embedded devices, and real-time applications that is similar to other versions of Windows)
- Windows CE 3.0
- Windows CE 5.0
- Windows CE 6.0
- Windows Mobile (based on Windows CE, but for a smaller form factor)
- Windows Phone 7
- Windows Phone 8
Singularity - A research operating system written mostly in managed code (C#)
Midori - A managed code operating system
Xbox 360 system software

MontaVista Software

MontaVista Mobilinux

NCR Corporation

TMX - Transaction Management eXecutive

Novell

NetWare network operating system providing high-performance network services. Has been superseded by Open Enterprise Server line, which can be based on NetWare or Linux to provide the same set of services.
Open Enterprise Server, the successor to NetWare.

Quadros Systems

RTXC Quadros RTOS proprietary C-based RTOS used in embedded systems ows

RCA

TSOS, first OS supporting virtual addressing of the main storage and support for both timeshare and batch interface

RoweBots

DSPnano RTOS 8/16 Bit Ultra Tiny Embedded Linux Compatible RTOS

Samsung Electronics

SCO / The SCO Group

Xenix, Unix System III based distribution for the Intel 8086/8088 architecture
- Xenix 286, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80286 architecture
- Xenix 386, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80386 architecture
SCO Unix, SCO UNIX System V/386 was the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the UNIX System trademark (1989). Derived from AT&T System V Release 3.2 with an infusion of Xenix device drivers and utilities plus most of the SVR4 features
- SCO Open Desktop, the first 32-bit graphical user interface for UNIX Systems running on Intel processor-based computers. Based on SCO Unix
SCO OpenServer 5, AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 based
SCO OpenServer 6, SVR5 (UnixWare 7) based kernel with SCO OpenServer 5 application and binary compatibility, system administration, and user environments
UnixWare
- UnixWare 2.x, based on AT&T System V Release 4.2MP
- UnixWare 7, UnixWare 2 kernel plus parts of 3.2v5 (UnixWare 2 + OpenServer 5 = UnixWare 7). Referred to by SCO as SVR5

Scientific Data Systems (SDS)

Berkeley Timesharing System for the SDS 940

SYSGO

PikeOS is a certified real time operating system for safety and security critical embedded systems

TRON Project

TRON (open real-time operating system kernel)
T-Kernel

Unisys

Unisys OS 2200 operating system

UNIVAC (later Unisys)

EXEC I
EXEC II
EXEC 8 Ran on 1100 series.
VS/9, successor to RCA TSOS

Wang Laboratories

WPS Wang Word Processing System. Micro-code based system.
OIS Wang Office Information System. Successor to the WPS. Combined the WPS and VP/MVP systems.

Wind River Systems

VxWorks Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTOS

Other

Lisp-based

Symbolics Genera written in a systems dialect of the Lisp programming language called ZetaLisp and Symbolics Common Lisp. Genera was ported to a virtual machine for the DEC Alpha line of computers.
Texas Instruments' Explorer Lisp machine workstations also had systems code written in Lisp Machine Lisp.
The Xerox 1100 series of Lisp machines ran an operating system written in Interlisp that was also ported to virtual machine called "Medley."
Lisp Machines, Inc. also known as LMI, also ran an operating system based on MIT's Lisp Machine Lisp.

Non-standard language-based

The Mesa programming language was used to implement the Pilot operating system, used in Xerox Star workstations.
PERQ Operating System (POS) was written in PERQ Pascal.

Other proprietary non-Unix-like

Эльбрус-1 (Elbrus-1) and Эльбрус-2 used for application, job control, system programming,^[4] implemented in uЭль-76 (AL-76).
EOS; developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers
EMBOS; developed by Elxsi for use on their mini-supercomputers
GCOS is a proprietary Operating System originally developed by General Electric
PC-MOS/386; DOS-like, but multiuser/multitasking
SINTRAN III; an operating system used with Norsk Data computers.
THEOS
TRS-DOS; A floppy-disk-oriented OS supplied by Tandy/Radio Shack for their Z80-based line of personal computers.
NewDos/80; A third-party OS for Tandy's TRS-80 personal computers.
TX990/TXDS, DX10 and DNOS; proprietary operating systems for TI-990 minicomputers
MAI Basic Four; An OS implementing Business Basic from MAI Systems.
Michigan Terminal System; Developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for use on the IBM System/360 Model 67, the System/370 series, and compatible mainframes
MUSIC/SP; an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM
SkyOS; commercial desktop OS for PCs
TSX-32; a 32-bit operating system for x86 platform.
OS ES; an operating system for ES EVM
Prolog-Dispatcher; used to control Soviet Buran space ship.

Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant

Aegis (Apollo Computer)
Amiga Unix (Amiga ports of Unix System V release 3.2 with Amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1990, last version was in 1992)
Coherent (Unix-like OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
DC/OSx (DataCenter/OSx was an operating system for MIPS based systems developed by Pyramid Technology)
DG/UX (Data General Corp)
DNIX from DIAB
DSPnano RTOS (POSIX nanokernel, DSP Optimized, Open Source)
HeliOS developed and sold by Perihelion Software mainly for transputer based systems
Interactive Unix (a port of the UNIX System V operating system for Intel x86 by Interactive Systems Corporation)
IRIX from SGI
MeikOS
NeXTSTEP (developed by NeXT; a Unix-based OS based on the Mach microkernel)
OS-9 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
OS9/68K Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 680x0 based microcomputers; based on OS-9)
OS-9000 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Intel x86 based microcomputers; based on OS-9, written in C)
OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)
OpenStep
QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
Rhapsody (an early form of Mac OS X)
RISC iX - Derived from BSD 4.3, by Acorn computers, for their ARM family of machines.
RISC/os (a port by MIPS of 4.3BSD to the RISC MIPS architecture)
RMX
SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who renamed themselves SCO Group)
SINIX (a port by SNI of Unix to the RISC MIPS architecture)
Solaris (Sun's System V-based replacement for SunOS)
SunOS (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware)
SUPER-UX (a port of System V Release 4.2MP with features adopted from BSD and Linux for NEC SX architecture supercomputers)
System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release)
System V/AT, 386 (The first version of AT&T System V UNIX on the IBM 286 and 386 PCs, ported and sold by Microport)
Trusted Solaris (Solaris with kernel and other enhancements to support multilevel security)
UniFLEX (Unix-like OS from TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Motorola 6809 based computers; e.g. SWTPC, GIMIX, …)
Unicos (the version of Unix designed for Cray Supercomputers, mainly geared to vector calculations)
UTX-32 (Developed by Gould CSD (Computer System Division), a Unix-based OS that included both BSD and System V characteristics. It was one of the first Unix based systems to receive NSA's C2 security level certification.)

Non-proprietary

Unix-like

Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant

Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on original Unix design principles yet functionally different and going much further)
- Inferno (distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs)
- Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9 and Off++ microkernel)
Unix (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
Xinu (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)

Free and open source Unix-like

Ubuntu, an example of a Unix-like system

BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
- FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
  - DragonFlyBSD forked from FreeBSD 4.8
  - Darwin
  - GhostBSD
  - PC-BSD
- NetBSD (An embeded device BSD variant)
  - OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
Hurd
Linux

Labels

Tuesday, February 25, 2014

Monday, February 24, 2014

C programming code

Output of program:

C programming code

Output of program:

Check vowel using switch statement

Function to check vowel

C programming code

Output of program:

Add digits using recursion

Thursday, February 20, 2014

Wednesday, February 19, 2014

Tuesday, February 18, 2014

C programming code

C programming code

example1:

Example2:

Example3:

Example4:

Example5:

program:

output:

screen shot:

Monday, February 17, 2014

output:

Switch-on

OPERATING SYSTEMS

Acorn Computers

Amiga Inc.

Apple Inc.

Apollo Computer

Atari

BAE Systems

Be Inc.

Bell Labs

Bull SAS

Burroughs Corporation

Control Data Corporation

Convergent Technologies

Data General

DataPoint

DDC-I, Inc.

Digital Research, Inc.

Digital/Tandem Computers/Compaq/HP

ENEA AB

Fujitsu

Google

Green Hills Software

Heathkit/Zenith Data Systems

Hewlett-Packard

Honeywell

Intel Corporation

IBM

On early IBM mainframes (1400, 1800, 701, 704, 709, 7090, and 7094)

On IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes[edit]

On IBM PC and Intel x86 based architectures[edit]

On other IBM hardware platforms

International Computers Limited

LynuxWorks (originally Lynx Real-time Systems)

Micrium Inc.

Microsoft Corporation

Quadros Systems

RCA

RoweBots

Samsung Electronics

SCO / The SCO Group

Scientific Data Systems (SDS)

TRON Project

Unisys

UNIVAC (later Unisys)

Wang Laboratories

Wind River Systems

Other

Lisp-based

Non-standard language-based

Other proprietary non-Unix-like

Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant

Non-proprietary

Output of program: